Binary fission in bacteria12/8/2023 (H) Termination of chromosome replication (disassembly of replisomes) and formation of two progeny cells. Further steps of chromosome replication include splitting of replication forks (the appearance of the second DnaN-mCherry focus at the former flagellar pole) and merging of replication forks at the midcell. (D to G) Duplication of the oriC region (i.e., mNeonGreen-ParB focus) at the invasive pole thereafter, one of the two oriC regions migrates to the opposite pole and remains there until the end of the cell cycle. bacteriovorus cell, indicating initiation of chromosome replication. (C) Appearance of the first DnaN-mCherry focus at the invasive pole of a B. Localization of replisome(s) (red) and oriC (i.e., ParB complex) (green) in a predatory B. Time-lapse analysis of chromosome replication and oriC segregation in a B. The full time-lapse is shown in Video S1 at. Photos represent merged bright-field and green fluorescence images. (D to G) Further steps of chromosome replication, including splitting of replication forks (the appearance of the second DnaN-mNeonGreen focus at the former flagellar pole) and merging of replication forks at the midcell. ![]() (C) Appearance of the first DnaN-mNeonGreen focus at the invasive pole of a B. bacteriovorus cell showing the localization of replisome(s) (green) in a predatory cell growing inside the P. Time-lapse analysis of a representative B. Spatiotemporal analysis of chromosome replication in a B. Our findings may facilitate the design of efficient pathogen elimination strategies.īdellovibrio bacteriovorus FtsZ cell cycle chromosome replication predator. bacteriovorus employs different chromosome replication choreographies and division modes when preying on those pathogens. bacteriovorus is currently regarded as a promising strategy to kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens. bacteriovorus proliferation in different pathogens that pose a major threat to human health due to their emerging antibiotic resistance (Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella flexneri). This work provides key insights into the mode and dynamics of B. We demonstrate for the first time that a predatory bacterium, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, exhibits bimodal fission and the mode of division depends on the size of the prey bacterium inside which B. All bacteria studied to date use only one of these two reproduction modes. IMPORTANCE Most eukaryotic and bacterial cells divide by binary fission, where one mother cell produces two progeny cells, or, rarely, by nonbinary fission. bacteriovorus reproduces through bimodal fission and that extracellular factors, such as the prey size, can shape replication choreography, providing new insights about bacterial life cycles. In nonbinary dividing filaments producing five or more progeny cells, the last round(s) of replication may also be initiated at the noninvasive pole. bacteriovorus always initiates chromosome replication at the invasive pole of the cell, but the spatiotemporal choreography of subsequent steps depends on the fission mode and/or the number of progeny cells. Completion of bacterial cell cycle critically depends on precise spatiotemporal coordination of chromosome replication with other cell cycle events, including cell division. bacteriovorus switches to nonbinary fission and creates multiple asynchronously assembled FtsZ rings to produce three or more daughter cells. ![]() bacteriovorus undergoes binary fission the FtsZ ring assembles in the midcell, and the mother cell splits into two daughter cells. Switching between the two modes correlates with the prey size. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus reproduces through both binary and nonbinary fission inside different prey bacteria. However, some bacteria belonging to various lineages, including antibiotic-producing Streptomyces and predatory Bdellovibrio, proliferate by nonbinary fission, wherein three or more chromosome copies are synthesized and the resulting multinucleoid filamentous cell subdivides into progeny cells. Most bacteria, including model organisms such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Caulobacter crescentus, reproduce by binary fission.
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